Principles of Human Nutrition

Course Instructors
		Benjamin Caballero, MD, PhD Professor International Health and Population and Family Health Sciences Research and Professional Experience Childhood obesity: risk factors for obesity in children at different ages, including dietary patterns, physical activity, and growth patterns during early life. Approaches for the prevention of obesity in children. Nutrient requirements, effects of diet on risk of chronic diseases. International nutrition: the nutrition transition in developing countries, the emergence of diet-related chronic, non-communicable diseases in developing countries. *Honors and Awards* 1980 United Nations University Fellow 1983 National Institutes of Health (USA) Fellow 1992 Delta Omega Public Health Honor Society 1993 Who’s Who in Science 1999 First Prize, British Medical Association Medical Book Competition 1999, for Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition 2006 Ancel Keys Prize, International Public Health Nutrition *Selected Publications* Snitker, S., Le, K.S., Hager, E., Caballero, B., Black, M.M. (2007). Physical activity and body composition are associated with insulin sensitivity in a community sample of adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. Weng, X., Caballero, B. (2007). Obesity and related diseases in China: The impact of the nutrition transition in urban and rural adults. Jahren, A.H., Saudek, C., Yeung, E., Kao, L., Kraft, R.A., Caballero, B. (2006). An isotopic method for quantifying sweeteners derived from corn and sugar cane. Am J Clin Nutr; 84: 1380-4. Caballero, B. (2006). One pill a day keeps the doctor away? Nutrition Today; 41: 194-5. Caballero, B. (2006). Obesity as a consequence of undernutrition. Journal of Pediatrics 149, S97-S99. Caballero, B., Wang, Y. (2006). Commentary: Obesity and mortality--light at the end but still a long tunnel. Int J Epidemiol; 35:21-2. Duran, P., Caballero, B., de Onis, M. (2006). The association between stunting and overweight in Latin American and Caribbean preschool children. Food Nutr Bull; 27: 300-5. Gittelsohn, J., Anliker, J.A., Sharma, S., Vastine, A.E., Caballero, B., Ethelbah, B. (2006). Psychosocial determinants of food purchasing and preparation in American Indian households. J Nutr Educ Behav; 38: 163-8. Huang, H.Y., Caballero, B., Chang, S., et al. (2006). The efficacy and safety of multivitamin and mineral supplement use to prevent cancer and chronic disease in adults: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference. Ann Intern Med; 145: 372-85. Jehn, M.L., Gittelsohn, J., Treuth, M.S., and Caballero, B. (2006). Prevalence of overweight among Baltimore City schoolchildren and its association with nutrition and physical activity. Obesity; 14, 989-993. Popkin, B.M., Armstrong, L.E., Bray, G.M., Caballero, B., Frei, B., Willett, W.C. (2006). A new proposed guidance system for beverage consumption in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr; 83: 529-42. Sharma, S., Cao, X., Gittelsohn, J., Anliker, J., Ethelbah, B., Caballero, B. (2006). Dietary intake and a food-frequency instrument to evaluate a nutrition intervention for the Apache in Arizona. Pub Hlth Nutr. Wang, Y., Moreno, L.A., Caballero, B., Cole, T.J. (2006). Limitations of the current World Health Organization growth reference for children and adolescents. Food Nutr Bull; 27: S175-S188. Wang, Y., Chen, X., Klag, M.J., Caballero, B. (2006). Epidemic of childhood obesity: implications for kidney disease. Kidney Int; 13: 336-51. Weng, X., Liu, Y., Ma, J., Wang, W., Yang, G., Caballero, B. (2006). An urban-rural comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Eastern China. Pub Hlth Nutr. Weng, X., Liu, Y., Ma, J., Wang, W., Yang, G., Caballero, B. (2006). Use of body mass index to identify obesity-related metabolic disorders in the Chinese population. Eur J Clin Nutr; 60: 931-7. West, K.P., Caballero, B., Black, R.E. (2006). Nutrition. In Merson, M., Black, R.E., Mills, A.J. (Eds.), International public health. Boston: Jones & Bartlett. (pp. 187-272). Butte, N.F., Caballero, B. (2005). Energy needs: Assessment and requirements. In Shils, M.E., Shike, M., Ross, A.C., Caballero, B., Cousins, R.J. (Eds.), Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (pp. 136-48). Caballero, B., Allen, L.H., Prentice, A.M. (2005). Encyclopedia of human nutrition. London: Academic Press. Caballero, B. (2005). The nutrition transition: Global trends in diet and disease. In Shils, M.E., Ross, A.C., Shike, M., Caballero, B., Cousins, R.J. (Eds.), Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (pp. 1717-22). Caballero, B. (2005). Dietary sucrose and disease. In Caballero, B., Allen, L.H., Prentice, A.M. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of human nutrition. London: Academic Press. (pp. 212-4). Caballero, B. (2005). A nutrition paradox: underweight and obesity in developing countries. N. Engl. J Med. 352, 1514-1516. Curran, S., Gittelsohn, J., Anliker, J., et al. (2005). Process evaluation of a store-based environmental obesity intervention on two American Indian Reservations. Health Educ Res; 20: 719-29. Huang, X., Blackman, M., Herreman, K., Pabst, K., Harman, S. M., & Caballero, B. (2005). Effects of growth hormone and/or sex steroid administration on whole-body protein turnover in healthy aged women and men. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 54, 1162-1167. Shils, M.E., Shike, M., Ross, A.C., Caballero, B., Cousins, R.J. Modern nutrition in health and disease. Philadelphia: Lippincott. Vastine, A., Gittelsohn, J., Ethelbah, B., Anliker, J., & Caballero, B. (2005). Formative research and stakeholder participation in intervention development. Am. J. Health Behav; 29, 57-69. Brooks, G.A., Butte, N.F., Rand, W.M., Flatt, J.P., Caballero, B. (2004). Chronicle of the Institute of Medicine physical activity recommendation: How a physical activity recommendation came to be among dietary recommendations. Am J Clin Nutr; 79: 921S-30S. Caballero, B. (2004). Obesity prevention in children: Opportunities and challenges. Int J Obes; 28: S90-S95.
		Lawrence Cheskin, MD, FACP Associate Professor Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health Lawrence Cheskin is an associate professor of medicine and of human nutrition. He founded and directs the Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center, and he is director of the gastroenterology division at the Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center. Research Interests Dr. Cheskin has research interests in obesity treatment and is co-principal investigator of the Hopkins site of the NIH's SHOW (Study of Health Outcomes of Weight Loss) trial, as well as studies of the fat-substitute olestra, and pharmacologic agents for weight control. Selected Publications Dr. Cheskin is the author of a Hopkins Press book for the general public entitled, Losing Weight for Good.
		David S. Cooper, MD Professor Department of Medicine, Endocrinology; Department of International Health Dr. Cooper's current research interests lie in the areas of therapy of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Dr. Cooper has also studied iodine deficiency in the Yanomami indians of the Venzuelan amazon region
		Kimberly O'Brien, PhD Assistant Professor Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health PhD, 1991 University of Connecticut, Storrs Connecticut Postdoctoral Fellow, 1991–1993, National Institutes of Health National Research Service Award Postdoctoral Fellow, 1993–1995, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX Research Interests The main areas of research focus in our laboratory are related to mineral metabolism in groups with increased demands—such as infants, children, and pregnant and lactating women. Women and young girls in the United States consume suboptimal calcium intakes, which may contribute to the development of osteoporosis. It is also known that a substantial amount of bone mass is genetically determined. To address these issues, we are currently studying the ability of young girls from osteoporotic families to absorb calcium and deposit into bone. Our laboratory is also interested in the control of mineral metabolism during pregnancy. We are collaborating with investigators in Lima, Peru to examine the ability of mineral deficient pregnant women to absorb iron and zinc during pregnancy and transfer these nutrients to the fetus. The ability of prenatal iron zinc supplements to improve maternal and fetal mineral status is also being addressed in this study. To address issues of in vivo mineral metabolism in these groups, our laboratory uses stable mineral isotopes and thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Selected Publications O'Brien K.O., Abrams S. A. "Effects of Development on Techniques for Calcium Stable Isotope Studies in Children." Biol Mass Spectrom 1994; 23:357–61. O'Brien K.O., Abrams S.A., Liang L.K., Ellis K.J., Gagel R.F. "Increased Efficiency of Calcium Absorption During Short Periods of Inadequate Calcium Intake in Girls." Am J Clin Nutr, 1996; 63(4):579–83. O'Brien K.O., Abrams S.A., Stuff J.E., Liang L.K., Welch T.R. "Variables Related to Urinary Calcium excretion in Young Girls." J Ped Gastroenterol Nutr, 1996; 23:8–12.
		David Paige, MD, MPH Professor Dr. Paige is Professor in the Department of Population and Family Health Sciences with a joint appointment in Human Nutrition at the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, and a joint appointment in Pediatrics at the School of Medicine. He is also a member of the active staff of the Department of Pediatrics at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. He has been a faculty member of the Johns Hopkins University since completing his pediatric residency training at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1969. Dr. Paige is a recognized expert in the area of maternal and child nutrition. His groundbreaking studies of lactose intolerance in children and his pioneering efforts in establishing a supplemental feeding program for disadvantaged women, infants, and children define the scope of his interest. Dr. Paige has been a member of numerous national scientific panels and committees and has served as consultant to federal, state and local governments. He is the recipient of numerous awards honoring his achievements. Selected Publications Augustyn M, Paige DM, Beilenson PL, Alexander C, Chang J, Waterfield G. Promoting community-based maternal and child health services: a university-health department partnership. Matern Child Health J. 1997 Jun;1(2):101-9. Review. PMID: 10728232; UI: 20192476 Bentley ME, Caulfield LE, Gross SM, Bronner Y, Jensen J, Kessler LA, Paige DM. Sources of influence on intention to breastfeed among African-American women at entry to WIC. J Hum Lact. 1999 Mar;15(1):27-34. PMID: 10578772; UI: 20045734 Bronner YL, Gross SM, Caulfield L, Bentley ME, Kessler L, Jensen J, Weathers B, Paige DM. Early introduction of solid foods among urban African-American participants in WIC. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999 Apr;99(4):457-61. PMID: 10207399; UI: 99223806 Paige DM, Augustyn M, Adih WK, Witter F, Chang J. Bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth: a comprehensive review of the literature. J Nurse Midwifery. 1998 Mar-Apr;43(2):83-9. Review. PMID: 9581092; UI: 98242193 Caulfield LE, Gross SM, Bentley ME, Bronner Y, Kessler L, Jensen J, Weathers B, Paige DM. WIC-based interventions to promote breastfeeding among African-American Women in Baltimore: effects on breastfeeding initiation and continuation. J Hum Lact. 1998 Mar;14(1):15-22. PMID: 9543954; UI: 98205536
		Rebecca Stoltzfus, PhD Associate Professor Center for Human Nutrition, and Division of Human Nutrition, Department of International Health Director, WHO Collaborating Center for Research on Intestinal Parasites and Human Nutrition PhD, 1992, Cornell University, Ithaca NY MS, 1988, Cornell University, Ithaca NY Research Interests The focus of my research is maternal and child nutrition, especially micronutrient deficiencies. Most of my research is carried out in Asia and Africa, in settings where resources to meet health and nutrition needs are acutely limited, both at the household and policy-setting levels. The research program is multidisciplinary, combining methods of epidemiology, parasitology, and nutrition, and is collaborative, being carried out with the integral involvement of colleagues in the countries of the research. One such ongoing collaboration is between the Center for Human Nutrition, the Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Parasites Unit of the World Health Organization, and the Ministry of Health of Zanzibar, Tanzania. Current research questions include the following: What is the relative importance of dietary and parasitic (i.e. helminths and malaria) causes of anemia in women and children in different environmental settings? What are program models for school-based delivery of antihelminthics and iron supplements, and what are the impacts of those interventions on children's nutritional status and school performance? What are consequences of pregnancy anemia for both mother and infant, and how large is the impact of various interventions to control pregnancy anemia? What are the most effective supplementation regimens to improve vitamin A status of lactating women and the vitamin A adequacy of their breast milk? What are the best indicators and assessment methods for measuring the impact of interventions on the health and nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women and their infants? Selected Publications Stoltzfus RJ, Chwaya HM, Tielsch JM, Schulze KJ, Albonico M, Savioli L. "Epidemiology of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Zanzibari School Children." Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:153–9. Stoltzfus RJ, Albonico M, Chwaya HM, Savioli L, Tielsch J, Schulze K, Yip R. "HemoQuant Determination of Hookworm-Related Blood Loss and Its Role in Iron Deficiency in African Children. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1996;55:399–404. Stoltzfus RJ, Hakimi M, Miller KW, Rasmussen KM, Ismadi SD, Habicht J-P, Dibley MJ. "High-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation of Breastfeeding Indonesian Mothers: Effects on the Vitamin A Status of Mother and Infant. J Nutr 1993;123:666–675. Stoltzfus RJ, Habicht J-P, Rasmussen KM, Hakimi M. "Evaluation of Indicators for Use inVvitamin A Intervention Trials Targeted at Women. Int J Epidemiol 1993; 22:1111–1118.
		Keith West, MPH, DrPH Professor Center for Human Nutrition, and Division of Human Nutrition DrPH, 1986, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health MPH., 1979, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health BS, 1971, Drexel University R.D., 1972 Walter Reed General Hospital Dr. West served as a co-investigator in the Aceh Study, a 29,000-child randomized community prevention trial on the effects of semiannual vitamin A supplementation on child mortality, xerophthalmia, and growth. He also served as the principal investigator of a 30,000-child trial on the effects of four monthly vitamin A supplementation on preschool child morbidity, growth, and mortality and a 44,000-woman randomized community trial on the impact of maternal, low-dose vitamin A or beta-carotene supplementation on maternal and infant health and survival, both in Nepal. Dr. West teaches a course on international nutrition in the Division. He has a strong interest in the epidemiology and consequences of famine in the Third World. Research Interests Deficiencies of vitamin A and other micronutrients in children and women; childhood growth and malnutrition; dietary and anthropometric assessment; nutritional epidemiology; international health; randomized community trials. Selected Publications Humphrey J.H., T. Agoestina, A. Juliana, S. Septiana, H. Widjaja, M.C. Cerreto, L. S.F. Wu, R.N. Ichord, J. Katz, K.P. West Jr. (1998). "Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation: Effect on Development and Growth at Three Years of Age. Am J Clin Nutr 68:109–17. West, K.P. Jr., S.C. LeClerq, S.R. Shrestha, L.S.-F. Wu, E.K. Pradhan, S.K. Khatry, J. Katz, R. Adhikari, A. Sommer (1997). "Effects of Vitamin A on Growth of Vitamin A-Deficient Children: Field Studies in Nepal. J Nutr 127:1957–1965. Sommer, A., West K.P., Jr. (1996). "Vitamin A Deficiency: Health, Survival and Vision." New York, Oxford University Press.
TAs
		Monica Mispireta, MHS, MD PhD student International Health, Human Nutrition Program Bloomberg School of Public Health Educational Background: MHS in Clinical Epidemiology, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, School of Medicine, Lima, Peru. 2007 MD, San Martin de Porres University, School of Medicine, Lima, Peru. 2003 Research Interests: The Nutrition Transition, determinants of obesity, and health consequences of obesity in developing countries.
		Seung Hee Lee, MS PhD student International Health, Human Nutrition Program Bloomberg School of Public Health Educational Background: MS in Nutritional Sciences, Ewha W. University , School of Health Science, Seoul, Korea. 2008 BS, Food and Nutrition, Ewha W. University, School of Life Environment, Seoul, Korea. 2006 Research Interests: Obesity prevention in low income urban African American, environmental intervention, childhood obesity

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